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kernelのメジャーバージョンにおける主な変更点

linux
  • Linux 3.14 2014/3/30 (Stable)
    • This release includes the deadline task scheduling policy for real-time tasks, a memory compression mechanism is now considered stable, a port of the locking validator to userspace, ability to store properties such as compression for each inode in Btrfs, trigger support for tracing events, improvements to userspace probing, kernel address space randomization, TCP automatic coalescing of certain kinds of connections, a new network packet scheduler to fight bufferbloat, new drivers and many other small improvements.
  • Linux 3.13 2014/1/19 (Stable)
    • This release includes nftables, the successor of iptables, a revamp of the block layer designed for high-performance SSDs, a power capping framework to cap power consumption in Intel RAPL devices, improved squashfs performance, AMD Radeon power management enabled by default and automatic Radeon GPU switching, improved NUMA performance, improved performance with hugepage workloads, TCP Fast Open enabled by default, support for NFC payments, support for the High-availability Seamless Redundancy protocol, new drivers and many other small improvements.
  • Linux 3.12 2013/11/2 - 2016 (Longterm)
    • This release adds support for offline deduplication in Btrfs, automatic GPU switching in laptops with dual GPUs, a performance boost for AMD Radeon graphics, better RAID-5 multicore performance, improved handling of out-of-memory situations, improved VFS path name resolution scalability, improvements to the timerless multitasking mode, separate modesetting and rendering device nodes in the graphics DRM layer, improved locking performance for virtualized guests, XFS directory recursion scalability improvements, IPC scalability improvements, tty layer locking improvements, new drivers and many small improvements.
  • Linux 3.11 2013/9/2
    • This release adds support for a new O_TMPFILE open(2) flag that allows easy creation of secure temporary files, experimental dynamic power management for all Radeon GPUs since r600, preliminary support for NFS 4.2 and SELinux Labeled NFS, experimental support for the Lustre distributed filesystem, detailed tracking of which pages a program writes, ARM huge page support and KVM/Xen support for ARM64, SYSV IPC message queue scalability improvements, a low latency network polling mechanism, a compressed swap cache, new drivers and many small improvements.
  • Linux 3.10 2013/6/30 - 2015/09 (Longterm)
    • This release adds support for bcache, which allows to use SSD devices to cache data from other block devices; a Btrfs format improvement that makes the tree dedicated to store extent information 30-35% smaller; support for XFS metadata checksums and self-describing metadata, timerless multitasking, SysV IPC, rwlock and mutex scalability improvements, a TCP Tail loss probe algorithm that reduces tail latency of short transactions, KVM virtualization support in the MIPS architecture, support for the ARM big.LITTLE architecture that mixes CPUs of different types, tracing snapshots, new drivers and many small improvements.
  • Linux 3.9 2013/4/28
    • This Linux release includes support for experimental RAID5/6 modes and better defragmentation in files shared by snapshots in Btrfs; support for the "goldfish" emulator used by the Android SDK, ability to SSD storage as cache device; two new architecture ports: Synopsys ARC 700 and Meta Imagination processors; KVM virtualization support in the ARM architecture, a Intel driver that "injects" idle states to improve performance-per-watt, support for Chrome OS laptops, a new suspend power state, and the removal of the obsolete CONFIG_EXPERIMENTAL configuration option. Many small features and new drivers and fixes are also available.
  • Linux 3.8 2013/2/18
    • This Linux release includes support in Ext4 for embedding very small files in the inode, which greatly improves the performance for these files and saves some disk space. There is also a new Btrfs feature that allows to replace quickly a disk, a new filesystem F2FS optimized for SSDs, support of filesystem mounts, UTS, IPC, PIDs, and network stack namespaces for unprivileged users, accounting of kernel memory in the memory resource controller, journal checksums in XFS, an improved NUMA policy redesign and, of course, the removal of support for 386 processors. Many small features and new drivers and fixes are also available.
  • Linux 3.7 2012/12/10
    • This Linux release includes support for the ARM 64-bit architecture
      • ARM support to boot into different systems using the same kernel
    • signed kernel modules
    • Btrfs support for disabling copy-on-write on a per-file basis using chattr and faster fsync()
    • a new "perf trace" tool modeled after strace
    • support for the TCP Fast Open feature in the server side
    • experimental SMBv2 protocol support
    • stable NFS 4.1 and parallel NFS support
    • a new tunneling protocol that allows to transfer Layer 2 Ethernet packets over UDP
    • support for the Intel "supervisor mode access prevention" (SMAP) security feature
    • Many small features and new drivers and fixes are also available.
  • Linux 3.6 2012/9/30
    • This Linux release includes new features in Btrfs
      • subvolume quotas, quota groups and snapshot diffs (aka "send/receive")
    • It also includes support for suspending to disk and memory at the same time
      • a TCP "Fast Open" mode
      • a "TCP small queues" feature to fight bufferbloat
      • support for safe swapping over NFS/NBD, better Ext4 quota support
      • support for the PCIe D3cold power state; and VFIO, which allows safe access from guest drivers to bare-metal host devices
    • Many small features and new drivers and fixes are also available.
  • Linux 3.5 2012/6/21
    • This release includes support for metadata checksums in ext4
    • userspace probes for performance profiling with tools like Systemtap or perf
    • a sandboxing mechanism that allows to filters syscalls
    • a new network queue management algorithm designed to fight bufferbloat
    • support for checkpointing and restoring TCP connections
    • support for TCP Early Retransmit (RFC 5827)
    • support for Android-style opportunistic suspend
    • btrfs I/O failure statistics
    • SCSI over Firewire and USB
    • Many small features and new drivers and fixes are also available.
  • Linux 3.4 2012/5/20 - 2014/10 (Longterm)
    • This release includes several Btrfs updates
      • support of metadata blocks bigger than 4KB
      • much improved metadata performance
      • better error handling and better recovery tools
    • there is also a new X32 ABI which allows to run programs in 64-bit mode with 32-bit pointers
    • several updates to the GPU drivers
    • there is also support of x86 CPU driver autoprobing
    • a device-mapper target that stores cryptographic hashes of blocks to check for intrusions
    • another target to use external read-only devices as origin source of a thin provisioned LVM volume
    • several perf improvements
      • such as GTK2 report GUI and a new 'Yama' security module
    • There are also many small features and new drivers and fixes are also available.
  • Linux 3.3 2012/3/18
    • This release features as the most important change the merge of kernel code from the Android project. But there is more
    • it also includes support for a new architecture (TI C6X)
    • much improved balancing and the ability to restripe between different RAID profiles in Btrfs, and several network improvements
      • a virtual switch implementation (Open vSwitch) designed for virtualization scenarios
      • a faster and more scalable alternative to the "bonding" driver
      • a configurable limit to the transmission queue of the network devices to fight bufferbloat
      • a network priority control group and per-cgroup TCP buffer limits
    • There are also many small features and new drivers and fixes are also available.
  • Linux 3.2 2012/1/4 - 2016 (Longterm)
    • This release includes support for ext4 block sizes bigger than 4KB and up to 1MB, which improve performance with big files
      • btrfs has been updated with faster scrubbing
    • automatic backup of critical filesystem metadata and tools for manual inspection of the filesystems
    • the process scheduler has added support to set upper limits of CPU time
      • the desktop reponsiveness in presence of heavy writes has been improved
    • TCP has been updated to include an algorithm which speeds up the recovery of the connection after lost packets
    • the profiling tool "perf top" has added support for live inspection of tasks and libraries and see the annotated assembly code
    • the Device Mapper has added support for 'thin provisioning' of storage, and a new architeture has been added
    • Other drivers and small improvements and fixes are also available in this release.
  • Linux 3.1 2011/10/24
    • Support for the OpenRISC opensource CPU
    • performance improvements to the writeback throttling
    • some speedups in the slab allocator
    • a new iSCSI implementation
    • support for Near-Field Communication chips used to enable mobile payments (NFCの対応)
    • bad block management in the generic software RAID layer
    • a new "cpupowerutils" userspace utility for power management
    • file system barriers enabled by default in ext3
    • Wii Remote controller support
    • new drivers and many small improvements.
  • Linux 3.0 2011/07/21
    • Besides a new version numbering scheme, Linux 3.0 also has several new features
      • Btrfs data scrubbing and automatic defragmentation
      • XEN Dom0 support
      • unprivileged ICMP_ECHO
      • wake on WLAN
      • Berkeley Packet Filter JIT filtering
      • a memcached-like system for the page cache
      • a sendmmsg() syscall that batches sendmsg() calls and setns()
      • a syscall that allows better handling of light virtualization systems such as containers
    • New hardware support has been added: for example
    • Many other drivers and small improvements have been added

参考文献